1
<intro>
1,1 (NPS_1,1)
sādhanaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ caiva sābhāsaṃ parasaṃvide /
pratyakṣam anumānaṃ ca sābhāsaṃ tv ātmasaṃvide //
iti śāstrārthasaṃgrahaḥ //
2
<sādhana>
1,4 (NPS_1,4_1,8)
tatra pakṣādivacanāni sādhanam / pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntavacanair hi prāśnikānām apratīto 'rthaḥ pratipādyata iti //
<2.1>
<pakṣa>
1,5
tatra pakṣaḥ prasiddho dharmī prasiddhaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭatayā svayaṃ sādhyatvenepsitaḥ / pratyakṣādyaviruddha iti vākyaśeṣaḥ / tadyathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'nityo veti //
<2.2>
<hetu and trairūpra>
1,8
hetus trirūpaḥ / kiṃ punas trairūpyam / pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ vipakṣe cāsattvam iti // kaḥ punaḥ sapakṣaḥ / ko vā vipakṣa iti // sādhyadharmasāmānyena samāno 'rthaḥ sapakṣaḥ / tadyathā / anitye śabde sādhye ghaṭādir anityaḥ sapakṣaḥ // vipakṣo yatra sādhyaṃ nāsti / yan nityaḥ tad akṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśam iti / tatra kṛtakatvaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ vā sapakṣa evāsti vipakṣe nāsty eva / ity anityādau hetuḥ //
<2.3>
<dṛṣṭānta>
1,15 (NPS_1,15)
dṛṣṭānto dvividhaḥ / sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca // tatra sādharmyeṇa tāvat / yatra hetoḥ sapakṣa <ed_2> evāstitvaṃ khyāpyate / tadyathā / yat kṛtakaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādir iti // vaidharmyeṇāpi / yatra sādhyābhāve hetor abhāva eva kathyate / tadyathā / yan nityaṃ tad akṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśām iti / nityaśabdenātrānityatvasyābhāva ucyate / akṛtakaśabdenāpi kṛtakatvasyābhāvaḥ / yathā bhāvābhāvo 'bhāva iti // uktāḥ pakṣādayaḥ //
<2.4>
<sādhana>
2,7 (NPS_2,7)
eṣāṃ vacanāni parapratyāyanakāle sādhanam / tadyathā / anityaḥ śabda iti pakṣavacanam / kṛtakatvād iti pakṣadharmavacanam / yat kṛtakaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭādir iti sapakṣānugamavacanam / yan nityaṃ tad akṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśam iti vyatirekavacanam // etāny eva trayo 'vayavā ity ucyante //
3
<sādhanābhāsa>
<3.1>
<pakṣābhāsa>
2,13 (NPS_2,13_2,17)
sādhayitum iṣṭo 'pi pratyakṣādiviruddhaḥ pakṣābhāsaḥ / tadyathā / (1) pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ, (2) anumānaviruddhaḥ, (3) āgamaviruddhaḥ, (4) lokaviruddhaḥ, (5) svavacanaviruddhaḥ, (6) aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇaḥ, (7) aprasiddhaviśeṣyaḥ, (8) aprasiddhobhayaḥ, (9) prasiddhasaṃbandhaś ceti // tatra —
<examples>
2,17
(1) pratyakṣaviruddho yathā / aśrāvaṇaḥ śabda iti //
(2) anumānaviruddho yathā / nityo ghaṭa iti //
(3) āgamaviruddho yathā / vaiśeṣikasya nityaḥ śabda iti sādhayataḥ //
(4) lokaviruddho yathā / śuci naraśiraḥkapālaṃ prāṇyaṅgatvāc chaṅkhaśuktivad iti //
(5) svavacanaviruddho yathā / mātā me vandhyeti //
(6) aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇo yathā / bauddhasya <ed_3> sāṃkhyaṃ prati vināśī śabda iti //
(7) aprasiddhaviśeṣyo yathā / sāṃkhyasya bauddhaṃ prati cetana ātmeti //
(8) aprasiddhobhayo yathā / vaiśeṣikasya bauddhaṃ prati sukhādisamavāyikāraṇam ātmeti //
(9) prasiddhasaṃbandho yathā / śrāvaṇaḥ śabda iti //
eṣāṃ vacanāni dharmasvarūpanirākaraṇamukhena pratipādanāsaṃbhavataḥ sādhanavaiphalyataś ceti pratijñādoṣāḥ // uktāḥ pakṣābhāsāḥ //
<3.2>
<hetvābhāsa>
3,8,i (NPS_3,8,i_3,10)
asiddhānaikāntikaviruddhā hetvābhāsāḥ //
<3.2.1>
<asiddha>
3,8,ii
tatrāsiddhaś catuḥprakāraḥ / tadyathā / (1) ubhayāsiddhaḥ, (2) anyatarāsiddhaḥ, (3) saṃdigdhāsiddhaḥ, (4) āśrayāsiddhaś ceti // tatra —
<examples>
3,10
(1) śabdānityatve sādhye cākṣuṣatvād ity ubhayāsiddhaḥ //
(2) kṛtakatvād iti śabdābhivyaktivādinaṃ praty anyatarāsiddhaḥ //
(3) bāṣpādibhāvena saṃdihyamāno bhūtasaṃghāto 'gnisiddhāv upadiśyamānaḥ saṃdigdhāsiddhaḥ //
(4) dravyam ākāśaṃ guṇāśrayatvād ity ākāśāsattvavādinaṃ praty āśrayāsiddhaḥ //
<3.2.2>
<anaikāntika>
3,15 (NPS_3,15_3,22)
anaikāntikaḥ ṣaṭprakāraḥ / (1) sādhāraṇaḥ, (2) asādhāraṇaḥ, (3) sapakṣaikadeśavṛttir vipakṣavyāpī, (4) vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī, (5) ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ, (6) viruddhāvyabhicārī ceti / tatra —
<sādhāraṇa>
3,19
(1) sādhāraṇaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvān nitya iti / tad dhi nityānityapakṣayoḥ sādhāraṇatvād anaikāntikam / kiṃ ghaṭavat prameyatvād anityaḥ śabda āhosvid ākāśavat prameyatvān nitya iti //
<asādhāraṇa>
3,22
(2) asādhāraṇaḥ śrāvaṇatvān nitya iti / tad dhi nityānitya<ed_4>pakṣābhyāṃ vyāvṛttatvān nityānityavinirmuktasya cānyasyāsaṃbhavāt saṃśayahetuḥ / kiṃbhūtasyāsya śrāvaṇatvam iti //
<sapakṣaikadeśavṛttir vipakṣavyāpī>
4,2 (NPS_4,2)
(3) sapakṣaikadeśavṛttir vipakṣavyāpī yathā / aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdo 'nityatvāt / aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ / asya vidyudākāśādiḥ sapakṣaḥ / tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vidyate 'nityatvaṃ nākāśādau / aprayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ / asya ghaṭādir vipakṣaḥ / tatra sarvatra ghaṭādau vidyate 'nityatvam / tasmād etad api vidyudghaṭasādharmyeṇānaikāntikam / kiṃ ghaṭavad anityatvāt prayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdaḥ āhosvid vidyudādivad anityatvād aprayatnānantarīyaka iti //
<vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī>
4,10 (NPS_4,10)
(4) vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī yathā / prayatnānantarīyakaḥ śabdo 'nityatvāt / prayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ / asya ghaṭādiḥ sapakṣaḥ / tatra sarvatra ghaṭādau vidyate 'nityatvam / prayatnānantarīyakaḥ pakṣaḥ / asya vidyudākāśādir vipakṣaḥ / tatraikadeśe vidyudādau vidyate 'nityatvaṃ nākāśādau / tasmād etad api vidyudghaṭasādharmyeṇa pūrvavad anaikāntikam //
<ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛtti>
4,16 (NPS_4,16)
(5) ubhayapakṣaikadeśavṛttir yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvād iti / nityaḥ pakṣaḥ / asyākāśaparamāṇvādiḥ sapakṣaḥ / tatraikadeśa ākāśādau vidyate 'mūrtatvaṃ na paramāṇau / nityaḥ pakṣaḥ / asya ghaṭasukhādir vipakṣaḥ / tatrikadeśe sukhādau vidyate 'mūrtatvaṃ na ghaṭādau / tasmād etad api sukhākāśasādharmyeṇānaikāntikam //
<viruddhāvyabhicārin>
4,21 (NPS_4,21_5,2)
(6) viruddhāvyabhicārī yathā / anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavat / nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāva<ed_5>ṇatvāt śabdatvavad iti / ubhayoḥ saṃśayahetutvād dvāv apy etāv eko 'naikāntikaḥ samuditāv eva //
<3.2.3>
<viruddha>
5,2
viruddhaś catuḥprakāraḥ / tadyathā / (1) dharmasvarūpaviparītasādhanaḥ, (2) dharmaviśeṣaviparītasādhanaḥ, (3) dharmisvarūpaviparītasādhanaḥ, (4) dharmiviśeṣaviparītasādhanaś ceti // tatra —
<dharmasvarūpaviparītasādhana>
5,5 (NPS_5,5_5,7)
(1) dharmasvarūpaviparītasādhano yathā / nityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvāt prayatnānantarīyakatvād veti / ayaṃ hetur vipakṣa eva bhāvād viruddhaḥ //
<dharmaviśeṣaviparītasādhana>
5,7
(2) dharmaviśeṣaviparītasādhano yathā / parārthāś cakṣurādayaḥ saṃghātatvāc chayanāsanādyaṅgaviśeṣavad iti / ayaṃ hetur yathā pārārthyaṃ cakṣurādīnāṃ sādhayati tathā saṃhatatvam api parasyātmanaḥ sādhayati / ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt /
<3.2.3.3>
<dharmisvarūpavipparītasādhanaḥ>
5,11 (NPS_5,11_5,15)
(3) dharmisvarūpaviparītasādhano yathā / na dravyaṃ na karma na guṇo bhāvaḥ ekadravyavattvād guṇakarmasu ca bhāvāt sāmānyaviśeṣavad iti / ayaṃ hi hetur yathā dravyādipratiṣedhaṃ bhāvasya sādhayati tathā bhāvasyābhāvatvam api sādhayati / ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt //
<3.2.3.4>
<dharmiviśeṣaviparītasādhana>
5,15
(4) dharmiviśeṣaviparītasādhano yathā / ayam eva hetur asminn eva pūrvapakṣe 'syaiva dharmiṇo yo viśeṣaḥ satpratyayakartṛtvaṃ nāma tadviparītam asatpratyayakartṛtvam api sādhayati / ubhayatrāvyabhicārāt //
<3.3>
<dṛṣṭāntābhāsa>
5,19,i (NPS_5,19,i_6,1)
dṛṣṭāntābhāso dvividhaḥ / sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca // tatra —
<3.3.1>
<sādharmyeṇa dṛṣṭāntābhāsa>
5,19,ii
sādharmyeṇa tāvad dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ pañcaprakāraḥ / tadyathā / (1) sādhanadharmāsiddhaḥ, (2) sādhyadharmāsiddhaḥ, (3) ubhayadharmāsiddhaḥ, (4) ananvayaḥ, (5) viparītānvayaś ceti // tatra —
<ed_6>
<sādhanadharmāsiddha>
6,1
(1) sādhanadharmāsiddho yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat / yad amūrtaṃ tan nityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā paramāṇuḥ / paramāṇau hi sādhyaṃ nityatvam asti sadhanadharmo 'mūrtatvaṃ nāsti mūrtatvāt paramāṇūnām iti /
<sādhyadharmāsiddha>
6,4 (NPS_6,4_6,7)
(2) sādhyadharmāsiddho yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvād buddhivat / yad amūrtaṃ tan nityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā buddhiḥ / buddhau hi sādhanadharmo 'mūrtatvam asti sādhyadharmo nityatvaṃ nāsti / anityatvād buddher iti /
<ubhayadharmāsiddha>
6,7
(3) ubhayāsiddho dvividhaḥ / sann asaṃś ceti / tatra ghaṭavad iti vidyamānobhayāsiddhaḥ / anityatvān mūrtatvāc ca ghaṭasya / ākāśavad ity avidyamānobhayāsiddhaḥ / tadasattvavādinaṃ prati //
<ananvaya>
6,10 (NPS_6,10_6,14)
(4) ananvayo yatra vinānvayena sādhyasādhanayoḥ sahabhāvaḥ pradarśyate / yathā ghaṭe kṛtakatvam anityatvaṃ ca dṛṣṭam iti //
<viparītānvaya>
6,12
(5) viparītānvayo yathā / yat kṛtakaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭam iti vaktavye yad anityaṃ tat kṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭam iti bravīti //
<3.3.2>
<vaidharmyeṇa dṛṣṭāntābhāsa>
6,14
vaidharmyeṇāpi dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ pañcaprakāraḥ / tadyathā / (1) sādhyāvyāvṛttaḥ, (2) sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ, (3) ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ, (4) avyatirekaḥ, (5) viparītavyatirekaś ceti // tatra —
<sādhyāvyāvṛtta>
6,17 (NPS_6,17_6,21)
(1) sādhyāvyāvṛtto yathā / nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt paramāṇuvat / yad anityaḥ tan mūrtaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā paramāṇuḥ / paramāṇor hi sādhanadharmo 'mūrtatvaṃ vyāvṛttaṃ mūrtatvāt paramāṇūnām iti / sādhyadharmo nityatvaṃ na vyāvṛttaṃ nityatvāt paramāṇūnām iti //
<sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ>
6,21
(2) sādhanāvyāvṛtto yathā / karmavad iti / karmaṇaḥ sādhyaṃ nityatvaṃ vyāvṛttam / anityatvā<ed_7>t karmaṇaḥ / sādhanadharmo 'mūrtatvaṃ na vyāvṛttam / amūrtatvāt karmaṇaḥ //
<ubhayāvyāvṛtta>
7,2 (NPS_7,2_7,9)
(3) ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ / ākāśavad iti / tatsattvavādinaṃ prati / tato nityatvam amūrtatvaṃ ca na vyāvṛttam / nityatvād amūrtatvāc cākāśasyeti //
<avyatirekaḥ>
7,4
(4) avyatireko yatra vinā sādhyasādhananivṛttyā tadvipakṣabhāvo nidarśyate / yathā ghaṭe mūrtatvam anityatvaṃ ca dṛṣṭam iti //
<viparītavyatiteka>
7,6
(5) viparītavyatireko yathā / yad anityaṃ tan mūrtaṃ dṛṣṭam iti vaktavye yan mūrtaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭam iti bravīti //
<3.4>
<sādhanābhāsa>
7,9
eṣāṃ pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntābhāsānāṃ vacanāni sādhanābhāsam //
4
<pramāṇa>
7,11 (NPS_7,11)
ātmapratyāyanārthaṃ tu pratyakṣam anumānaṃ ca dve eva pramāṇe // tatra pratyakṣaṃ kalpanāpoḍhaṃ yaj jñānam arthe rūpādau nāmajātyādikalpanārahitaṃ tat / akṣam akṣaṃ prati vartata iti pratyakṣam // anumānaṃ liṅgād arthadarśanam / liṅgaṃ punas trirūpam uktam / tasmād yad anumeye 'rthe jñānam utpadyate 'gnir atrānityaḥ śabda iti vā tad anumānam // ubhayatra tad eva jñānaṃ phalam adhigamarūpatvāt / savyāpāravatkhyāteḥ pramāṇatvam iti //
5
<pratyakṣābhāsa and anumānābhāsa>
7,18 (NPS_7,18)
kalpanājñānam arthāntare pratyakṣābhāsam / yaj jñānaṃ ghaṭaḥ paṭa iti vā vikalpayataḥ samutpadyate tad arthasvalakṣaṇāviṣayatvāt pratyakṣābhāsam // hetvābhāsapūrvakaṃ jñānam anumānābhāsam / hetvābhāso hi bahuprakāra uktaḥ / tasmād yad anumeye 'rthe jñānam avyutpannasya bhavati tad anumānābhāsam //
<ed_8>
6
<dūṣaṇa>
8,1 (NPS_8,1)
sādhanadoṣodbhāvanāni dūṣaṇāni // sādhanadoṣo nyūnatvam / pakṣadoṣaḥ pratyakṣādiviruddhatvam / hetudoṣo 'siddhānaikāntikaviruddhatvam / dṛṣṭāntadoṣaḥ sādhanadharmādyasiddhatvam / tasyodbhāvanaṃ prāśnikapratyāyanaṃ dūṣaṇam //
7
<dūṣaṇābhāsa>
8,5 (NPS_8,5)
abhūtasādhanadoṣodbhāvanāni dūṣaṇābhāsāni // saṃpūrṇe sādhane nyūnatvavacanam / aduṣṭapakṣe pakṣadoṣavacanam / siddhahetuke 'siddhahetukaṃ vacanam / ekāntahetuke 'nekāntahetukaṃ vacanam / aviruddhahetuke viruddhahetukaṃ vacanam / aduṣṭadṛṣṭānte duṣṭadṛṣṭāntadoṣavacanam / etāni dūṣaṇābhāsāni / na hy ebhiḥ parapakṣo dūṣyate / niravadyatvāt tasya //
8
<conclusion>
8,11 (NPS_8,11)
ity uparamyate //
padārthamātram ākhyātam ādau diṅmātrasiddhaye /
yātra yuktir ayuktir vā sānyatra suvicāritā //
iti nyāyapraveśakasūtraṃ samāptam //