0
<bhaṭṭajayantaviracitā nyāyakalikā>
maṅgalam (NyKal_maṅgalam_0)
surāsuraśiroratnamarīcikhacitāṅghraye |
vighnāndhakārasūryāya gaṇādhipataye namaḥ ||
0
<ṣoḍaśapadārthoddeśaḥ>
pramāṇaprameyasaṃśayaprayojanadṛṣṭāntasiddhāntāvayavatarkanirṇayavādajalpavitaṇḍāhetvābhāsacchalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ ||
1
<pramāṇam>
1.1 (NyKal_1.1)
<pramāṇalakṣaṇam>
tatra pramīyate 'neneti pramāṇam. pramīyata iti pramā pramitiḥ pratītir upalabdhir jñānaṃ janyata ity arthaḥ. tena jñānasya janakaṃ kārakaṃ pramāṇam uktaṃ bhavati. karaṇavyutpatteś ca kartṛkarmavilakṣaṇam etad veditavyam. jñānam api jñānāntarajanmani yad vyāpriyate tat pramāṇam. tato 'nyat phalam eva.
1.2 (NyKal_1.2_1.3.1.1)
<pramāṇaphalam>
yac cārthaviṣayam asaṃdigdham avyabhicāri ca jñānaṃ tat pramāṇaphalam, na smaraṇasaṃśayaviparyayātmakam iti.
1.3
<pramāṇavibhāgaḥ>
tac caturvidhaṃ pramāṇaṃ pratyakṣam anumānam upamānaṃ śabda iti.
1.3.1
<pratyakṣam>
1.3.1.1
<pratyakṣalakṣaṇam>
tatrendriyaviṣaye 'rthe yad indriyaikakaraṇam asaṃśayāsmaraṇāviparyayajñānaṃ tat pratyakṣam. tasya janakaṃ kāraṇam indriyādi pramāṇam.
1.3.1.2 (NyKal_1.3.1.2_1.3.1.3.2)
<pratyakṣaphalam>
tajjanyaṃ jñānaṃ phalam. tad api jñānam indriyaviṣaye 'rthe hānopādānopekṣājñānāni janayat pratyakṣapramāṇatām aśnute.
1.3.1.3
<apramāṇāni>
1.3.1.3.1
<smṛtiḥ>
smṛtijñānam anarthajatvād apramāṇam. agṛhītagrāhitvaṃ naiva pramāṇatāyāḥ prayojakam.
1.3.1.3.2
<saṃśayaḥ>
saṃśayajñānam indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam api na pramāṇam, arthasyāniścayāt.
1.3.1.3.3 (NyKal_1.3.1.3.3_1.3.1.5)
<viparyayaḥ>
viparyaye tv atadrūpo 'rthas tadrūpatayā pratibhātīti tat kathaṃ pramāṇam.
1.3.1.4
<āptopadeśendriyobhayajajñānam>
indriyaikakaraṇatvāc ca pratyakṣajñānasyāptopadeśendriyābhyāṃ saṃbhūya yad upajanyate jñānam "panasaśabdavācyo 'yam" iti, tad apratyakṣam. śābdaṃ hi tat.
1.3.1.5
<savikalpakaṃ jñānam>
yat tu saṅketasmaraṇottarakālaṃ śabdayojanayā gaur ityādikaṃ savikalpakaṃ jñānaṃ bhavati, tan nirvikalpakavad indriyānuvidhāyitvāt pratyakṣam eva.
1.3.1.6 (NyKal_1.3.1.6_1.3.2.2.1.1)
<mānasapratyakṣam>
cakṣurādivad antaḥkaraṇasya manaso 'pīndriyatvāt sukhādiviṣayam api jñānaṃ pratyakṣam iṣṭam.
1.3.2
<anumānam>
1.3.2.1
<anumānalakṣaṇam>
pañcalakṣaṇakāl liṅgāl liṅgini jñānam anumānam.
1.3.2.2
<liṅgam>
1.3.2.2.1
<liṅgasya pañca lakṣaṇāni>
pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ vipakṣād vyāvṛttir abādhitaviṣayatvam asatpratipakṣatvaṃ ceti pañca lakṣaṇāni.
1.3.2.2.1.1
<pakṣadharmatvam>
sisādhayiṣitadharmaviśiṣṭo dharmī pakṣaḥ, taddharmatvaṃ pakṣadharmatvam.
1.3.2.2.1.2 (NyKal_1.3.2.2.1.2_1.3.2.2.1.5)
<sapakṣe sattvam>
sādhyadharmayogena nirjñātaṃ dharmyantaraṃ sapakṣaḥ, tatrāstitvaṃ sapakṣe sattvam.
1.3.2.2.1.3
<vipakṣād vyāvṛttiḥ>
sādhyadharmasaṃsparśaśūnyo dharmī vipakṣaḥ, tato vyāvṛttir vipakṣād vyāvṛttiḥ.
1.3.2.2.1.4
<abādhitaviṣayatvam>
anumeyasyārthasya pratyakṣeṇāgamena vānapaharaṇam abādhitaviṣayatvam.
1.3.2.2.1.5
<asatpratipakṣatvam>
saṃśayabījabhūtena pratipakṣānumānena rahitatvam asatpratipakṣatvam.
1.3.2.2.2 (NyKal_1.3.2.2.2_1.3.2.4)
<liṅgalakṣaṇam>
etaiḥ pañcabhir lakṣaṇair upapannaṃ liṅgam.
1.3.2.3
<avinābhāvaḥ>
eteṣu pañcasu lakṣaṇeṣv avinābhāvaḥ samāpyate. avinābhāvo vyāptir niyamaḥ pratibandhaḥ sādhyāvinābhāvitvam ity arthaḥ. sa ca pratibandhaḥ pūrvagṛhītaḥ san smaryamāṇo liṅgipratīteḥ kāraṇam.
1.3.2.4
<vyāptigrahaḥ>
tasya grahaṇaṃ pratyakṣānupalambhasahāyān mānasapratyakṣāt. dhūmam agnisahacaritam indriyeṇopalabhyānagneś ca jalāder vyāvartamānam anupalambhena jñātvā manasā niścinoti "dhūmo 'gniṃ na vyabhicarati" iti. tathā niścitya punaḥ parvatādau dhūmaṃ paśyann agnim anumimīte.
1.3.2.5 (NyKal_1.3.2.5_1.3.2.7)
<pratyakṣapūrvakam anumānam>
tac caitat pratyakṣapūrvakam anumānam ucyate.
1.3.2.6
<pariśeṣānumānam>
pariśeṣānumānaṃ tu prasaktapratiṣedhe 'nyatrāprasaṅgāc chiṣyamāṇārthaparikalpanam. yathā prasaktayor dravyakarmaṇoḥ pratiṣedhāt sāmānyādāv aprasaṅgāc ca pāriśeṣyāt "guṇaḥ śabdaḥ" iti niścīyate.
1.3.2.7
<sāmānyatodṛṣṭam anumānam>
sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ tu nityaparokṣe dharmiṇi sāmānyena vyāptigrahaṇād anumānam. yathecchādinā kāryeṇātmānumānaṃ vakṣyate.
1.3.2.8 (NyKal_1.3.2.8_1.3.3)
<anumānaṃ trikālaviṣayam>
trikālaviṣayaṃ cānumānaṃ śabdavad iṣyate. dhūmena vartamāno 'gnir anumīyate, meghonnatyā bhaviṣyantī vṛṣṭiḥ, nadīpūreṇa saiva bhūteti.
1.3.3
<upamānam>
"yathā gaus tathā gavayaḥ" ity āṭavikaprayuktātideśavākyasaṃskṛtamater aṭavīṃ paryaṭato gopiṇḍasārūpyāvacchinnagavayapiṇḍajñānaṃ saṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhaparicchedaphalam upamānam, gopiṇḍasārūpyaviśiṣṭagavayapiṇḍasya saṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhapratīteḥ pratyakṣāgamābhyām anyatarasmād apy asiddheḥ.
1.3.4 (NyKal_1.3.4_1.3.4.2.1)
<śabdaḥ>
1.3.4.1
<śabdalakṣaṇam>
āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ. pratipādyamānam arthaṃ yathāsvarūpaṃ yaḥ paśyati yathādarśanaṃ copadiśati, sa āptaḥ. tad vacanam avisaṃvādi bhavati. vipralambhakas tu "nadyās tīre pañca phalāni santi" iti vitatham api brūyāt. ṛṣyāryamlecchasādhāraṇaṃ caitad āptalakṣaṇam, āptavākyenaiva sarvatra vyavahārāt.
1.3.4.2
<parataḥprāmāṇyam>
1.3.4.2.1
<parataḥ prāmāṇyaṃ na svataḥ>
puruṣaguṇadoṣakṛte hi śābdajñānasya yathārthatvāyathārthatve. arthaprakāśakatvamātraṃ tu śabdasya samayopakṛtasya svarūpam. ata evāptoktatvād asya prāmāṇyam iṣyate, na svataḥ. naisargike hi yāthārthye katham anāptaprayuktāni nadyādivākyāni viplaveran.
1.3.4.2.2 (NyKal_1.3.4.2.2)
<dṛṣṭe viṣaye vyāptigrahaḥ>
dṛṣṭaṃ ca mantravacasāṃ viṣabhūtāśanipratiṣedhārthānām āyurvedavākyānāṃ ca "harītakīṃ bhakṣayed ārogyakāmaḥ" ityādīnām āptaprāmāṇyād eva prāmāṇyam. pramāṇāntarasaṃvādāt tan niścīyatāṃ nāma. prayojakaṃ tu tasyāptapraṇītatvam eva, taduktiṣu saṃvādadarśanāt. pratyakṣādīnām apy arthakriyājñānādisaṃvādād eva prāmāṇyaṃ niścīyate.
1.3.4.2.3 (NyKal_1.3.4.2.3_1.3.5)
<adṛṣṭe viṣaye 'numānam>
na tu dṛṣṭe viṣaye prāmāṇyaniścayapūrvikā pravṛttiḥ, arthasya saṃśayenaiva vyavahārāt. adṛṣṭe tu viṣaye śabdaikagamye tatprāmāṇyaniścayaṃ vinā mahāyāsasādhyeṣu karmasu pravartanam ayuktam iti śabdaprāmāṇyam avaśyaṃ nirṇetavyam. tac cāptaprāmāṇyād eva niścīyate.
1.3.4.3
<vedaprāmāṇyasādhanaprakāraḥ>
vedasya ca nirmātā pṛthivyādikāryānumitasattākaḥ parameśvaraḥ sarvajñaḥ. anityatvāc ca śābdasya saṃbandhasya vaidikīnāṃ ca racanānāṃ tatra svātantryam īśvarasyeti tatpraṇītatvena vedāḥ pramāṇam.
1.3.4.4
<āgamāntaraprāmāṇyam>
vedavad āgamāntarāṇy api tanmūlatvād āptapraṇītatvād vā pramāṇam iti veditavyāni.
1.3.5
<pramāṇāntarāṇi>
arthāpattyādipramāṇāntarāṇāṃ yathāsaṃbhavam eṣv evāntarbhāvāc catvāry eva pramāṇāni.
2
2.0 (NyKal_2.0_2.2)
<prameyam>
pramāṇaviṣayo 'rthaḥ prameyam. ānantye 'pi prameyasya dravyāder dvādaśavidham ihātmādi prameyaṃ nirdiśyate yan mithyājñānaviṣayīkṛtaṃ saṃsārāya samyagjñānaviṣayīkṛtaṃ tv apavargāya kalpate.
2.1
<prameyavibhāgaḥ>
tac cātmaśarīrendriyārthabuddhimanaḥpravṛttidoṣapretyabhāvaphaladuḥkhāpavargabhedena dvādaśavidham.
2.2
<heyopādeyatayā dvividham>
taddvādaśabhedatve 'pi heyopādeyatayā tāvad dvividhaṃ bhāvanīyam. tatra śarīrādi duḥkhaparyantaṃ heyam eva, apavarga upādeya eva. ātmā tu kathaṃcid dheyaḥ kathaṃcid upādeyaḥ, sukhaduḥkhabhoktṛtayā heyaḥ, tadunmuktatayopādeya iti.
2.3 (NyKal_2.3_2.3.1.1)
<ātmādilakṣaṇāni>
2.3.1
<ātmā>
tatrātmā pratyakṣato nāvadhāryate, asmadādīnām ahaṃpratyayasya śarīrāvalambanatvāt. anumānāt tu pratipattavyaḥ, icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānānāṃ kāryatvāt kāryasya ca nirāśrayasyānupapatteḥ.
2.3.1.1
<na śarīram icchāder āśrayaḥ>
na cecchādeḥ kāryasya śarīram āśrayaḥ, bālyādyavasthābhedena bhinnatvād icchādeś caikam anusandhātāram antareṇānupapatteḥ. yajjātīyasyārthasya sannikarṣād ayaṃ sukham anubhūtavān, punas tajjātīyam arthaṃ paśyan sukhasādhanatām anusmṛtya tam upādātum icchati. tatra śarīrāśrayatve saty anyasya sukhasādhanatānubhavo 'nyasya tatsmaraṇam anyasya tadāditseti syāt. na caitad yuktam, dehāntareṣv adarśanāt.
2.3.1.2 (NyKal_2.3.1.2_2.3.1.4)
<nendriyāṇīcchāder āśrayaḥ>
nāpīndriyāṇāṃ tadāśrayatvam, darśanasparśanābhyām ekārthānusandhānāt — "yam aham adrākṣaṃ taṃ spṛśāmi" "yam asprākṣaṃ taṃ paśyāmi" iti. nānekakartṛko 'yam anusandhānapratyayo bhavitum arhati, nāpy anekaviṣayaḥ. indriyāntareṇa cānubhūyamāne dāḍimādāv indriyāntarasya dantodakasaṃplavātmā vikāro ya upalabhyate, so 'nyadṛṣṭe 'nyasya dehāntaravad anupapannaḥ.
2.3.1.3
<na mana icchāder āśrayaḥ>
manasas tadāśrayatve saṃjñāmātraṃ bhidyate. jñātur āntaraṃ karaṇaṃ manaḥ, tadantareṇa smṛtyādikāryasyānupapatteḥ, cākṣuṣādīnāṃ jñānānāṃ yugapadanupapatteḥ.
2.3.1.4
<śarīrendriyamanovyatirikta ātmā>
tasmāc charīrendriyamanovyatiriktaḥ kaścid icchāder āśrayo vaktavyaḥ. sa cātmeti.
2.3.1.5 (NyKal_2.3.1.5_2.3.2)
<ātmā nityaḥ>
sa cotpattivināśakāraṇānupalambhān nityaḥ. śarīrasaṃyogavibhāgāv evāsya janmamaraṇe upacaryete. bālasya dṛṣṭakāraṇābhāve 'pi harṣaśokādidarśanād arāgasya ca jantor jananādarśanād dehāntarasaṃbandhānumānāt paralokī. na ca karmavaicitryam antareṇa jagadvaicitryam avakalpata iti purākṛtakarmabhoktā. tathaivedaṃśarīrakṛtānāṃ karmaṇāṃ bhāvini śarīre phalāni bhoktety āgamaprāmāṇyāc ca paralokyātmasiddhiḥ.
2.3.2
<śarīram>
tasya bhogāyatanaṃ śarīram. hitāhitaprāptiparihāraphalāyāś ceṣṭāyā āśrayaḥ, indriyāṇām anugrahahetuḥ, indriyārthānām upabhoganimittaṃ śarīram iti bandhahetutvān mumukṣūṇāṃ heyam.
2.3.3 (NyKal_2.3.3)
<pañcendriyāṇi>
ghrāṇarasanacakṣustvakśrotrāṇi pañcendriyāṇi. gandhādyupalabdhikriyāyāś chidikriyāvat karaṇasādhyatvāt karaṇānumānam. anitaretarasādhyatvāc ca pañca karaṇāny anumīyante. tāni ca pṛthivyādibhyaḥ pañcabhyo bhūtebhyaḥ saṃbhavanti.
ekāhaṅkāraprakṛtitve tv ekaṃ vā sarvārtham indriyam, sarvāṇi vā sarvārthāni syuḥ. viṣayaniyamāt tu prakṛtiniyamo 'py eṣām anumīyate. tatpañcatvāt pañcatvam. karmendriyāṇi tu pāṇyādīni nābhyupagamyante, tatkāryasyānyato 'pi yāvat tāvad upalambhāt. tānīmānīndriyāṇi bhogasādhanatvād bandhanahetava iti mumukṣuṇā heyāni.
2.3.4 (NyKal_2.3.4)
<indriyārthāḥ>
gandharasarūpasparśaśabdāḥ pṛthivyādiguṇā indriyārthāḥ. gandharasarūpasparśāś catvāraḥ pṛthivyā guṇāḥ. rasarūpasparśās trayo 'pāṃ guṇāḥ. rūpasparśau dvau guṇau tejasaḥ. ekaḥ sparśo guṇo vāyoḥ. śabdo guṇa ākāśasya. na sarveṣāṃ sarvaguṇatvaṃ nāpy ekaguṇatvam, tathānupalambhāt.
ta ime bhogyā indriyārthā bandhahetava iti mumukṣuṇā heyāḥ. yady api tadāśrayasyāvayavino dravyasya guṇāntarāṇāṃ parimāṇādīnāṃ karmaṇaś ca rāgakāraṇatā vidyata eva, tathāpi gandhādayaḥ prādhānyenāsaktihetava iti heyatayeha nirdiṣṭāḥ.
2.3.5 (NyKal_2.3.5_2.3.6)
<buddhiḥ>
buddhir upalabdhir jñānaṃ darśanam iti paryāyāḥ. na punar acetanāyā buddher jñānaṃ vṛttiḥ. puruṣasya cetanasyopalabdhir darśanam iti puruṣa evopalabhate budhyate paśyati jānīta iti. sa kṣaṇiko 'sya guṇo buddhir nāmeti. sā ca bhogasvabhāvatvāt saṃsārakāraṇam iti mumukṣuṇā heyā.
2.3.6
<manaḥ>
indriyārthasannikarṣe saty api yugapajjñānānutpādād āntarasukhādiviṣayopalabdheś ca bāhyagandhādiviṣayopalabdhivat karaṇasādhyatvād āntaraṃ karaṇaṃ mano 'numīyate. tac cāṇu vegavadāśusaṃcāri nityam. anyathā tatkāryaniyamāsiddhiḥ. tad api bhogasādhanatvād bandhakāraṇam iti mumukṣuṇā heyam.
2.3.7 (NyKal_2.3.7_2.3.8)
<pravṛttiḥ>
vāṅmanaḥkāyavyāpāraḥ śubhāśubhaphalaḥ pravṛttir ity ucyate. sā ca dharmādharmākhyasaṃskārotpādanadvāreṇa svarganarakahetur iti mumukṣuṇā yatnato heyā. karmatyāgād dhi mokṣam ācakṣate.
2.3.8
<doṣāḥ>
puruṣasya karmasu pravartayitāro rāgadveṣamohās trayo doṣāḥ. īrṣyādīnām eṣv evāntarbhāvaḥ. tatkṛtaś caiṣa saṃsāra iti mumukṣuṇā pratipakṣabhāvanayā kṣapaṇīyāḥ.
2.3.9 (NyKal_2.3.9_2.3.11)
<pretyabhāvaḥ>
dehendriyādisaṃghātasya prāktanasya tyāgena saṅghātāntaragrahaṇaṃ pretyabhāvaḥ. eṣa eva ca saṃsāra iti mumukṣuṇā heyaḥ.
2.3.10
<phalam>
pravṛttidoṣajanitaṃ sukhaduḥkhātmakaṃ mukhyaṃ phalam. tatsādhanaṃ tu gauṇam. tac ca heyam iti mumukṣuṇā bhāvanīyam.
2.3.11
<duḥkham>
phalagrahaṇākṣiptam api pīḍāsaṃtāpasvabhāvaṃ duḥkham aduḥkhasaṃmatasyāpi duḥkhatvabhāvanārtham upadiśyate. ata eva phalatve 'pi sukham iha na nirdiṣṭam.
2.3.12 (NyKal_2.3.12)
<apavargaḥ>
ātyantiko duḥkhaviyogo 'pavargaḥ sukhaduḥkhaviyuktasyātmanaḥ svarūpāvasthānam. sukhaduḥkhayor vivekahānasyāśakyatvād duḥkhaṃ jihāsuḥ sukham api jahyāt. tasmāt paramaḥ puruṣārtho 'pavargaḥ.
sa ca tattvajñānād avāpyate. mithyājñānamūlo hi saṃsāraḥ. tattvajñānāc ca mithyājñānāpāyaḥ, tasya tadvirodhitvāt. mithyājñānāpāye tatkāryā doṣā apayanti, doṣāpāye tatkāryā pravṛttir apaiti, pravṛttyapāye tatkṛtaṃ janmāpaiti, janmāpāye tatkṛtaṃ duḥkham apaiti, duḥkhāpāyaś cāpavarga iti.
3
<saṃśayaḥ>
3.1 (NyKal_3.1_3.2.2)
<saṃśayalakṣaṇam>
viśeṣasmṛtihetor dharmasya grahaṇād viśeṣāgrahaṇād viśeṣasmṛteś ca jāyamānaḥ kiṃ svid iti vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ.
3.2
<saṃśayavibhāgaḥ>
sa ca pañcavidhaḥ.
3.2.1
<sādhāraṇadharmadarśanāt>
sādhāraṇadharmadarśanāt. yathordhvatvadarśanāt "sthāṇur vā puruṣo vā" iti.
3.2.2
<asādhāraṇadharmagrahaṇāt>
asādhāraṇadharmagrahaṇāt. yathā vibhāgajatvāt "śabdo dravyaṃ guṇo vā" iti saṃśayo bhavati.
3.2.3 (NyKal_3.2.3_3.3)
<vipratipatteḥ>
vipratipatteḥ. yathā nityatvānityatve śabdasya saṃśayaḥ.
3.2.4
<upalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ>
upalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ. yathā kiṃcit sad upalabhyate yathā nadyādau jalam. anyad asad upalabhyate yathā marīciṣu jalam. evam anyatropalabhyamāne saṃśayo bhavati "kiṃ sad upalabhyate, utāsat" iti.
3.2.5
<anupalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ>
anupalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ. yathā sad api mṛdantaritam udakaṃ nopalabhyate, asac ca khapuṣpādi nopalabhyate. tato 'nyatrānupalabhyamāne saṃśayo bhavati "kiṃ san nopalabhyate, utāsat" iti.
3.3
<pṛthagupadeśasamarthanam>
sa cāyaṃ saṃśayaḥ pramāṇaprameyāntarbhūto 'pi nyāyapravṛttyaṅgatvāt pṛthag upadiśyate.
4–6
4 (NyKal_4_5)
<prayojanam>
yam artham adhikṛtya puruṣaḥ pravartate tat prayojanam. tad dvividhaṃ mukhyaṃ gauṇaṃ ca. sukhaduḥkhe mukhyaṃ prayojanam. tatsādhanaṃ tu gauṇam. prayojanamūlatvāc ca nyāyapravṛttes tad api pṛthag upadiśyate.
5
<dṛṣṭāntaḥ>
vādiprativādinoḥ sādhyasādhanadharmādhikaraṇatvena tadrahitatvena vā prasiddho 'rtho dṛṣṭāntaḥ. sa ca nyāyasya pratibandhagrahaṇasthānam iti pṛthag upadiśyate.
6 (NyKal_6_6.2.1)
<siddhāntaḥ>
6.1
<siddhāntalakṣaṇam>
"ayam evam" iti pramāṇamūlābhyupagamaviṣayīkṛtaḥ sāmānyaviśeṣavān arthaḥ siddhāntaḥ.
6.2
<siddhāntavibhāgaḥ>
sa caturvidhaḥ — sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ pratitantrasiddhānto 'dhikaraṇasiddhānto 'bhyupagamasiddhānta iti.
6.2.1
<sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ>
sarvatantrāviruddhaḥ svaśāstre prakriyamāṇo 'rthaḥ sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ. yathā "pramāṇaṃ cākṣuṣam" iti.
6.2.2 (NyKal_6.2.2_6.3)
<pratitantrasiddhāntaḥ>
samānatantrasiddhaḥ paratantrāsiddhaḥ pratitantrasiddhāntaḥ. yathā "paramāṇavaḥ padārthaḥ" iti. samānatantre kāṇāde siddho 'yam arthaḥ paratantre sāṅkhyādiśāstre 'siddha iti.
6.2.3
<adhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ>
yasminn arthe sidhyati tadanuyāyīny arthāntarāṇy api sidhyanti, so 'dhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ. yathā "indriyavyatirikta ātmā, darśanasparśanābhyām ekārthagrahaṇāt" ity asminn arthe sidhyati "guṇavyatirikto guṇī" "niyataviṣayāṇīndriyāṇi" ityādīny apy arthāntarāṇi sidhyanti.
6.2.4
<abhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ>
aparīkṣitaḥ kaścid artho buddhyatiśayacikhyāpayiṣayā prauḍhavādibhis tathety upagamyamāno 'bhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ. yathā "astu dravyaṃ śabdaḥ, tathāpy anityaḥ" iti.
6.3
<pṛthagupadeśasamarthanam>
sa cāyaṃ caturvidho 'pi siddhānto nyāyasyāśraya iti pṛthag ucyate.
7
<avayavāḥ>
7.1 (NyKal_7.1_7.2.1.2)
<avayavalakṣaṇam>
sādhanīyasyārthasya yāvatā vākyena parasmai pratipādanaṃ kriyate, tasya pañca bhāgāḥ pratijñādayo 'vayavāḥ.
7.2
<avayavavibhāgaḥ>
pratijñā hetur udāharaṇam upanayo nigamanam iti.
7.2.1
<pratijñā>
7.2.1.1
<pratijñālakṣaṇam>
tatra sādhyadharmaviśiṣṭasya dharmiṇo nirdeśaḥ pratijñā. tad yathā "anityaḥ śabdaḥ" iti. eṣa eva ca pakṣa ucyate.
7.2.1.2
<pakṣābhāsaḥ>
pakṣe lakṣite 'rthāt pakṣābhāsāḥ pratyakṣaviruddhādayaḥ pratikṣiptā bhavanti.
7.2.1.2.1 (NyKal_7.2.1.2.1_7.2.1.2.1.3)
<viruddhaḥ>
7.2.1.2.1.1
<pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ pakṣaḥ>
tad yathā "anuṣṇo 'gniḥ" iti pratyakṣaviruddhaḥ pakṣaḥ.
7.2.1.2.1.2
<anumānaviruddhaḥ pakṣaḥ>
anumānaviruddho yathā "na cakṣū rūpaṃ gṛhṇāti" ity anumānaviruddhaḥ.
7.2.1.2.1.3
<śabdaviruddhaḥ pakṣaḥ>
śabdaviruddhas tu bahuprakāraḥ. "brāhmaṇena surā peyā" ity āgamaviruddhaḥ. "na candraḥ śaśī" iti lokaprasiddhiviruddhaḥ. "nityaḥ śabdaḥ" iti bauddhasya svasiddhāntaviruddhaḥ. "jananī me vandhyā" "pitā me bālabrahmacārī" iti dharmidharmapadayor eva vipratiṣedhāt svavacanaviruddhaḥ.
7.2.1.2.1.4 (NyKal_7.2.1.2.1.4_7.2.1.2.3)
<upamānaviruddhaḥ pakṣaḥ>
upamānaviruddhas tu "na gavayaśabdavācyo 'yaṃ gosadṛśaḥ piṇḍaḥ" iti.
7.2.1.2.2
<aprasiddhaḥ>
7.2.1.2.2.1
<aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇaḥ pakṣaḥ>
aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇaḥ "śaśaśṛṅgavidīrṇeyaṃ bhūmiḥ" iti.
7.2.1.2.2.2
<aprasiddhaviśeṣyaḥ pakṣaḥ>
aprasiddhaviśeṣyaḥ "śaśaśṛṅgaṃ tīkṣṇam" iti.
7.2.1.2.2.3
<aprasiddhobhayaḥ pakṣaḥ>
aprasiddhobhayas tu "śaśaśṛṅgadhanurdharo vandhyāsutaḥ" iti.
7.2.1.2.3
<sādhyahīnaḥ>
yatrāpi viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyayoḥ pramāṇāntarata eva siddhiḥ, tatrāpi sādhyatvābhāvena hetuprayogāvasarābhāvāt pakṣābhāsataiva. "śītalaṃ tuhinam" "uṣṇo 'gniḥ" iti.
7.2.1.3 (NyKal_7.2.1.3_7.2.2.2.3)
<sūtrasamarthanam>
ye caite pakṣadoṣā vakṣyamāṇāś ca dṛṣṭāntadoṣāḥ, te vastusthityā hetudoṣā eva. na hi pakṣadṛṣṭāntamātrapratiṣṭho vādo bhavati. ata eva sūtrakṛtā hetvābhāsā eva śāstre lakṣitāḥ, na pakṣābhāsādaya iti.
7.2.2
<hetuḥ>
7.2.2.1
<hetulakṣaṇam>
liṅgavacanaṃ hetuḥ. liṅgaṃ vyākhyātam. tasya viśiṣṭavibhaktyantaṃ vacanaṃ hetur ity ucyate. yathā "kṛtakatvāt" ityādi.
7.2.2.2
<hetuvibhāgaḥ>
sa ca dvividhaḥ, udāharaṇasādharmyeṇodāharaṇavaidharmyeṇa ca.
7.2.2.2.1
<anvayavyatirekavān>
anvayavyatirekavān prathamaḥ.
7.2.2.2.2
<kevalavyatirekī>
kevalavyatirekī dvitīyaḥ.
7.2.2.2.3
<kevalānvayī nāsti>
kevalānvayī hetur nāsty eva, apañcalakṣaṇasya hetutvābhāvāt.
7.2.2.2.4 (NyKal_7.2.2.2.4)
<anvayavyatirekimūlaḥ kevalavyatirekī>
kevalavyatirekī tu kvacid viṣaye 'nvayavyatirekimūlaḥ pravartate, nātyantam anvayabāhyaḥ. yathātmanīcchādigataṃ kāryatvaṃ saviśeṣaṇam. tatra hy anvayavyatirekiṇā kāryatvamātreṇāśrayamātram anumīyate "icchādi kvacid āśritaṃ kāryatvād ghaṭavat" iti. tataḥ sa eva kāryatvaṃ hetuḥ saviśeṣaṇa ātmasiddhau prayujyate "dehādivilakṣaṇāśrayāśritam icchādi, dehādiṣu bādhakapramāṇopapattau satyāṃ kāryatvāt. yatra śarīrādivyatiriktāśrayāśritatvaṃ nāsti, tatra saviśeṣaṇaṃ kāryatvaṃ nāsti, yathā ghaṭādau śarīratvajātau vā" iti.
7.2.3 (NyKal_7.2.3_7.2.3.2.1)
<udāharaṇam>
7.2.3.1
<udāharaṇalakṣaṇam>
dṛṣṭāntavacanam udāharaṇam.
7.2.3.2
<dṛṣṭāntavibhāgaḥ>
dṛṣṭānto dvividhaḥ. sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca.
7.2.3.2.1
<sādharmyadṛṣṭāntaḥ>
yatra prayojyaprayojakabhāvena sādhyasādhanadharmayor astitvaṃ khyāpyate, sa sādharmyadṛṣṭāntaḥ. tasya vyāpyavyāpakabhāvagarbhaṃ vacanam udāharaṇam. yathā "yad yat kṛtakaṃ tat tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ" iti.
7.2.3.2.2 (NyKal_7.2.3.2.2_7.2.3.3.1)
<vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntaḥ>
yatra sādhyābhāvaprayukto hetvabhāvaḥ khyāpyate, sa vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntaḥ. tasya tathāvidham eva vacanam udāharaṇam. "yatrānityatvaṃ nāsti tatra kṛtakatvam api nāsti yathākāśaḥ" iti.
7.2.3.3
<dṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ>
arthāc ca dṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ pratikṣiptā veditavyāḥ.
7.2.3.3.1
<sādharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ>
sādharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāse trayo 'rthadoṣāḥ — sādhyavikalaḥ sādhanavikala ubhayavikalaḥ. dvau vacanadoṣau — ananvayo viparītānvaya iti.
7.2.3.3.1.1 (NyKal_7.2.3.3.1.1_7.2.3.3.1.2.1)
<arthadoṣāḥ>
7.2.3.3.1.1.1
<sādhyavikalaḥ>
"nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt, yad amūrtaṃ tan nityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā buddhiḥ" iti sādhyavikalaḥ.
7.2.3.3.1.1.2
<sādhanavikalaḥ>
"paramāṇuḥ" iti sādhanavikalaḥ.
7.2.3.3.1.1.3
<ubhayavikalaḥ>
"ghaṭaḥ" ity ubhayavikala ity arthadoṣāḥ.
7.2.3.3.1.2
<vacanadoṣau>
7.2.3.3.1.2.1
<ananvayaḥ>
vacanadoṣau tu "yad amūrtaṃ tan nityaṃ yathākāśam" iti vaktavye "ākāśe nityatvāmūrtatve staḥ" ity ananvayaḥ.
7.2.3.3.1.2.2 (NyKal_7.2.3.3.1.2.2_7.2.3.3.2.1.1)
<viparītānvayaḥ>
"yan nityaṃ tad amūrtam" iti viparītānvayaḥ.
7.2.3.3.2
<vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsaḥ>
vaidharmyadṛṣṭānte 'pi trayo 'rthadoṣāḥ — sādhyāvyāvṛttaḥ sādhanāvyāvṛtta ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ. dvau vacanadoṣau — avyatireko viparītavyatireka iti.
7.2.3.3.2.1
<arthadoṣāḥ>
7.2.3.3.2.1.1
<sādhyāvyāvṛttaḥ>
"nityaḥ śabdo 'mūrtatvāt" ity atraiva hetau "yatra nityatvaṃ nāsti tatrāmūrtatvam api nāsti yathā paramāṇuṣu" iti sādhyāvyāvṛttaḥ.
7.2.3.3.2.1.2 (NyKal_7.2.3.3.2.1.2_7.2.3.3.2.2.2)
<sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ>
"yathā buddhau" iti sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ.
7.2.3.3.2.1.3
<ubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ>
"yathākāśe" ity ubhayāvyāvṛtta ity arthadoṣāḥ.
7.2.3.3.2.2
<vacanadoṣau>
7.2.3.3.2.2.1
<avyatirekaḥ>
vacanadoṣau tu "yatra nityatvaṃ nāsti tatrāmūrtatvam api nāsti yathā ghaṭe" iti vaktavye "ghaṭe nityatvāmūrtatve na staḥ" ity avyatirekaḥ.
7.2.3.3.2.2.2
<viparītavyatirekaḥ>
sādhanābhāve sādhyābhāvakathanaṃ viparītavyatirekaḥ. ko 'yaṃ doṣa iti cet. kathaṃ na doṣaḥ. hetoḥ prayojakatvam evoktaṃ na syāt. tataś ca "yatra dhūmo nāsti tatrāgnir nāsti" iti kathyamāne tadanirvāhād dhūmasya hetutvaṃ hīyate. tasmāt sādhyābhāve hetvabhāvo vaktavyaḥ "yatrāgnir nāsti tatra dhūmo nāsti" iti.
7.2.4 (NyKal_7.2.4_7.2.5)
<upanayaḥ>
sādharmyavaidharmyodāharaṇānusāreṇa "tathā" iti "na tathā" iti vā sādhyadharmiṇi hetor upasaṃhāra upanayaḥ. "yat kṛtakaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ" iti sādharmyodāharaṇe "tathā ca kṛtakaḥ śabdaḥ" ity upanayaḥ. "yad anityaṃ na bhavati tat kṛtakam api na bhavati yathākāśam" iti vaidharmyodāharaṇe "na tathākṛtakaḥ śabdaḥ" ity upanayaḥ. upanayam antareṇa dṛṣṭānte darśitaśaktir hetuḥ sādhyadharmiṇi na yojitaḥ syāt. hetuvacanena hi tatra dharmamātraṃ nirdiṣṭam iti. upanayābhāsas tu vacanadoṣād eva bhavati. "tathā" iti sthāne "na tathā" iti yad vacanam, "na tathā" iti sthāne "tathā" iti, sa upanayābhāsaḥ.
7.2.5
<nigamanam>
dvividhe hetau dvividhe dṛṣṭānte dvividhe copanaye tulyam eva hetvapadeśena punaḥ sādhyopasaṃharaṇaṃ nigamanam. yathā "tasmāt kṛtakatvād anityaḥ śabdaḥ" iti. nigamanābhāsas tu pramādajaṃ viparītopasaṃharaṇaṃ veditavyaḥ.
7.3 (NyKal_7.3)
<avayavakramaḥ>
ta ime pratijñādayo nigamanāntāḥ pañcāvayavāḥ svapratipattivat parapratipattim utpādayitum icchatā yathānirdiṣṭakramakāḥ prayoktavyāḥ. etad eva sādhanavākyaṃ parārthānumānam ācakṣate. so 'yaṃ paramo nyāya iti pṛthag upadiśyate.
tatra sādharmyeṇa prayujyamānaṃ tāvad īdṛśaṃ sādhanavākyaṃ bhavati. "anityaḥ śabdaḥ, kṛtakatvāt, yat kṛtakaṃ tad anityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ, tathā ca kṛtakaḥ śabdaḥ, tasmāt kṛtakatvād anityaḥ" iti.
vaidharmyeṇa tu "anityaḥ śabdaḥ, kṛtakatvāt, yad anityaṃ na bhavati tad akṛtakaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathākāśam iti, na ca tathākṛtakaḥ śabdaḥ, tasmāt kṛtakatvād anityaḥ" iti. svapratipattau caivam avagamāt kramo 'yam āśrayaṇīyaḥ.
8–9
8 (NyKal_8_9)
<tarkaḥ>
avijñātatattve dharmiṇy ekatarapakṣānukūlārthadarśanena tasmin saṃbhāvanāpratyayarūpa ūhas tarka ucyate. yathā vāhakelipradeśādāv ūrdhvatvadarśanāt "puruṣeṇānena bhavitavyam" iti saṃbhāvanāpratyayaḥ.
na cāyaṃ saṃśayaḥ, aśvakelipradeśe puruṣavat sthāṇor asaṃbhāvyatvena samakakṣyatayā sthāṇupuruṣayor anullekhāt. na ca puruṣanirṇayo 'yam, rātrāv api sthāṇunikhananasaṃbhāvanayā tatpakṣasya sarvātmanānapanodāt, puruṣaniścayahetūnāṃ ca śiraḥpāṇyādiviśeṣāṇām apratibhāsāt.
sa cāyaṃ tarka ekatarapakṣaśaithilyajananena dvitīyapakṣe pravartamānaṃ nyāyaṃ viṣayaśodhanadvāreṇānugṛhṇātīti pṛthag upadiśyate.
9
<nirṇayaḥ>
pakṣapratipakṣaviṣayasādhanopālambhaparīkṣayā tadanyatarapakṣāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ. tadavasānaś ca nyāya iti nyāyoparamahetutvāt pṛthag asāv upadiśyate.